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Title: The Great Round World and What Is Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 5, February 3, 1898
A Weekly Magazine for Boys and Girls
Author: Various
Editor: Julia Truitt Bishop
Release Date: September 7, 2006 [EBook #19203]
Language: English
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The Great Round World
And What Is Going On In It
* * * * *
Vol. II., No. 5. FEBRUARY 3, 1898 Whole No. 65
* * * * *
[Sidenote: With the Editor]
As we go to press there is an uncertain feeling resulting from the
departure of our cruiser for Cuban waters. It may provoke a crisis, or
it may lead to a better knowledge of the true attitude of the
administration toward Spain.
Cuba continues to furnish us with its share of current history; the news
is no more encouraging than that of previous weeks, however.
In the East the situation has not materially changed. It continues
interesting--so interesting that this subject is uppermost in the minds
of the civilized world. While any day may witness the peaceful
settlement of the whole trouble, it is by no means certain but that
selfish motives of one of the Great Powers may, at any minute, cause a
general European war.
England's attention is divided between China and Egypt. The Indian and
Chinese questions bid fair to be merged, as there are indications that
England's attitude toward China is not an unselfish one.
In France the Dreyfus clamor has grown to a disturbance, the disturbance
to riot;--what next?
The short sketch of the life of Gladstone which will be published in
next week's number should interest all of our readers. The "Grand Old
Man" is undoubtedly the grandest figure in the history of the century
now closing, and his admirers are to be found in every part of the
world--many in our own country, where self-achieved greatness is by no
means uncommon. His has been a life of constant, unremitted labor in the
advancement of the interests of his fellow-men. No minute in his long
life seems to have been wasted, and to-day, when nearly ninety years of
age, he continues to labor to the utmost of his remaining strength.
* * * * *
Our Naturalist has already received enough suggestions for his projected
book to enable him to write a library, we think, but he says that he is
quite in earnest in wanting to hear from many thousand boys and girls on
this subject. His purpose is apparently to make a book which shall be
found just right by all.
A batch of letters comes in from Baltimore, and the subjects are so
varied and interesting that we give them in outline.
Jane H. wants to know about the mongoose: what kind of snakes it kills;
about sun-spots and their influence on the seasons.
C. F. N. about the sky, sun, moon, and stars.
Philip H. H. about bees and crabs.
Edwin St. J. G. about horses, especially those with long manes and
tails.
Sidney G. about wild animals, lions; also snakes and unfamiliar plants.
Claude E. H. about Mother Carey's chickens. He writes that his uncle
shot one while crossing the ocean.
Murray W. T. about birds and plants, "with pictures."
Howell G. about the quail, woodpecker, and other birds. (We wonder if he
has seen Grant's book on birds, or "Bird Neighbors"?)
James M. about sea-lions and wild animals; also about cats and domestic
animals.
Denison F. about ant-eaters, lions, and whales.
Tom T. about the horse, dog, and python.
You can see by the above letters--and this was but part of one mail--how
many things our young people want to know about, and what a task
"Naturalist" has taken upon himself.
From Sterling, Ill., comes a request from a number of boys and girls for
a book about wild animals and how they live. (Ingersoll's "Wild
Neighbors" is just such a book.)
E. C., of Brookline, writes a very suggestive letter. A few of his wants
are as follows: chapters on garden-grubs, and insects injurious to
vegetation; caterpillars, together with pictures of the butterflies that
come from them; birds' nests; colored pictures of beetles, fossils,
shells, etc. He says in conclusion: "Even with things to see, you often
need to be shown how to look."
In this he is right, for we miss many beautiful things in this world
because we do not know "how to look."
We wish to acknowledge with pleasure the well-written letters from Point
Grammar School, Gloucester, Mass., from "Brenda P. S.," "Alberta S.
M.," "Mary S. E.," and "Susan M."
* * * * *
With No. 66 of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD will be issued a portrait of the
young Queen Wilhelmina of the Netherlands. Great interest is being taken
in the approaching coronation festivities, which will take place in
September of this year.
[Illustration: THE EASTERN QUESTION!!!]
Current History
* * * * *
The proposed annexation of the Hawaiian islands is still being actively
discussed in the Senate.
The friends of the bill are doing their best to present every argument
for it in the most convincing way.
Senator Morgan, however, went a little too far the other day in his zeal
in its behalf. He declared that ex-President Cleveland wanted the
islands to be annexed to the United States, but that he thought the
ex-Queen ought first to be restored to the throne and given an
opportunity to let the islands be acquired by purchase.
Mr. Cleveland promptly denied this statement. "I can hardly believe Mr.
Morgan made the assertions imputed to him," he said in an interview. "He
knew perfectly well that I have been utterly and constantly opposed to
Hawaiian annexation. The first thing I did after my inauguration, in
March, 1893, was to recall from the Senate an annexation treaty then
pending before that body. I regard the annexation of these islands as a
complete departure from our national mission. I did not suppose that
there was any person in public life that had any doubt as to my position
in this matter.
"Aside from any question of annexation, and without harboring any
design of restoring the Hawaiian monarchy, I investigated the relation
of our representatives to its overthrow. This investigation satisfied me
that our interference in the matter was disgraceful and wrong, and I
would gladly, for the sake of our national honor and fair fame, have
repaired that wrong; only this, and nothing more."
These remarks are important, as they refer back to the very beginning of
the troubles in Hawaii which led to the present plan of making the
islands a part of the United States.
In saying that the annexation of the islands would be a "complete
departure from our national mission," Mr. Cleveland meant that it was
the policy of our Government not to go outside of America to acquire
territory, but to let other nations alone just as we ourselves wish to
be let alone.
This policy is very different from that of England, for example, who has
for many years been reaching out to add to her already vast possessions.
In other words, our plan is opposed to what is known as the "policy of
grab."
By speaking of "our interference" in the Hawaiian revolution as
"disgraceful," Mr. Cleveland means that the revolution was not only
largely planned by American residents on the islands, but that American
marines were called from the harbor of Honolulu to the government
building to assist the revolutionists, or, as the revolutionists
themselves declare, to protect American interests on the islands.
Now that the question of annexation is before the country, a prominent
advocate for each side has appeared.
We referred last week to the visit here of the President of the Hawaiian
republic, Mr. Sanford B. Dole. He has recently stated his side of the
matter, in an interview.
And the deposed Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani, or "ex-Queen," as she is
called, has presented her views in the form of a book, giving an account
of her whole life.
Let us first see what Liliuokalani has to say.
In the first part of the book she tells us how she was brought up. It is
astonishing to read that, though she was the daughter of one of the
chiefs of the island, she was sent, very shortly after birth, to the
house of another chief, named Paki, where there was only one daughter,
Bernice, and made a member of his family.
This chief was married to a granddaughter of one of the Hawaiian kings,
Kamehameha I., so the adopted girl was considered a member of the royal
family.
Here is the account Liliuokalani herself gives of her adoption:
"I knew no other father or mother than my foster-parents, no other
sister than Bernice. I used to climb up on the knees of Paki, put my
arms around his neck, kiss him, and he caressed me as a father would his
child; while, on the contrary, when I met my own parents, it was with
perhaps more of interest, yet always with the demeanor I would have
shown to any strangers who noticed me.
"My own father and mother had other children, ten in all, the most of
them being adopted into other chiefs' families; and although I knew that
these were my own brothers and sisters, yet we met throughout my
younger life as though we had not known our common parentage.
"This was, and indeed is, in accordance with Hawaiian customs. It is not
easy to explain its origin to those alien to our national life, but it
seems perfectly natural to us.
"As intelligible a reason as can be given is that this alliance by
adoption cemented the ties of friendship between the chiefs. It spread
to the common people, and it has doubtless fostered a community of
interest and harmony."
It is odd to think of a princess, even of an Hawaiian princess, as being
educated, like other girls, in a school. But the school she attended was
for those pupils only who had some claim on the succession to the
throne.
Near-by, however, there was another school, where some of the children
of American residents were educated. Among these was John O. Dominis,
the son of a sea-captain of Italian descent, and whose mother was a
Boston woman.
Young Dominis made the acquaintance of the future Queen by climbing over
the wall and talking to the pupils of the Royal School, as it was
called.
A number of years later, in 1862, Liliuokalani became his wife.
This long name, by the way, was not given her until 1877, when the heir
to the throne died, and she became the next in succession to the
reigning King Kalakaua.
This King may be said to have helped to cause the revolution that made
Hawaii a republic. In 1887 he was persuaded by the white residents,
largely Americans or the sons of Americans, to give the country a new
constitution that took away a great deal of his power.
"It may be asked," the Queen writes, "Why did the King give them his
signature? I answer without hesitation, because he had discovered
traitors among his most trusted friends, and knew not in whom he could
trust; and because he had every assurance, short of actual
demonstration, that the conspirators were ripe for revolution, and had
taken measures to have him assassinated if he refused.
"His movements of late had been watched, and his steps dogged, as though
he had been a fugitive from justice. Whenever he attempted to go out in
the evening, either to call at the hotel or visit any one of his
friends' houses, he was conscious of the presence of enemies who were
following stealthily on his track.
"But, happily, Providence watched over him, and thus he was guarded from
personal harm.
"He signed that constitution under absolute compulsion. Details of the
conspiracy have come to me since from sources upon which I can rely,
which lead to the conviction that but for the repugnance or timidity of
one of the executive committee, since risen very high in the counsels of
the so-called republic, he would have been assassinated.
"Then they had planned for the immediate abrogation of the monarchy, the
declaration of a republic, and a proposal for annexation to be made to
the United States.
"The constitution of the republic was actually framed and agreed upon,
but the plot was not fully carried out--more moderate counsels
prevailed.
"They therefore took the very constitution of which I have spoken, the
one which had been drafted for a republic, hastily rewrote it so as to
answer their ends, and forced Kalakaua to affix thereto his official
signature."
In 1891 Kalakaua died and Liliuokalani succeeded him. Not long afterward
she determined to try to get back the power for the monarchy that had
been taken away.
This soon caused the revolution. Her enemies brought a number of charges
against her, and to the chief of these she replies in her book.
Though comparatively few in number, her enemies had so much power that
they were able to overturn the Government with little difficulty.
Then they appealed to President Cleveland, asking that the islands be
annexed.
As the President gave them no encouragement, they continued to govern
Hawaii as a republic.
In 1895 an effort was made to place Liliuokalani again on the throne. It
failed, and for a time the ex-Queen was held as a prisoner.
After her release she came to this country to try to secure the aid of
our Government.
The Government, however, did not interfere.
Among our legislators and in our newspapers a great deal of sympathy was
expressed for the revolutionists and a great deal said in favor of
annexation.
At last the republic of Hawaii formally requested that it be made a part
of the United States. This brought the matter before Congress, where,
as we have said, it is now being carefully considered.
In her book, Liliuokalani makes this strong appeal to the people of the
United States not to take sides with those who have driven her from her
throne:
"O honest Americans, as Christians, hear me for my downtrodden people!
Their form of government is as dear to them as yours is precious to you.
Quite as warmly as you love your country, do they love theirs. With all
your goodly possessions, covering a territory so immense that there yet
remain parts unexplored, possessing islands that, although near at hand,
had to be neutral ground in time of war, do not covet the little
vineyard of Naboth's, so far from your shores, lest the punishment of
Ahab fall upon you, if not in your day, in that of your children, for
'be not deceived, God is not mocked.' The people to whom your fathers
told of the living God, and taught to call 'Father,' and whom the sons
now seek to despoil and destroy, are crying aloud to Him in their time
of trouble, and He will keep His promise, and will listen to the voices
of His Hawaiian children lamenting for their homes."
In view of all that Liliuokalani has to say, the recent interview with
President Dole is particularly interesting.
After explaining that no special powers had been granted him on his
present mission by the Hawaiian Senate, the President declared it was
the belief of the friends of annexation that if the recent amendment of
Senator Bacon, to let the question be decided by a vote of the Hawaiian
citizens, had been accepted, the vote would be in favor of the treaty.
President Dole said that, in case of annexation, Hawaii had in view no
radical changes in legislation.
"The treaty provides," he said, "for the appointment by the President of
the United States of a commission authorized to formulate and recommend
to Congress the legislation and forms of government for Hawaii.
"The matter of franchise is now specifically provided for by our laws.
For those who elect Senators there is a property and educational
qualification; for those who elect Representatives an educational
qualification. All electors must take an oath of allegiance to the
present Government and renounce allegiance to monarchy.
"There is a strong sentiment on the island against allowing Chinese and
Japanese to become citizens. There are cases where these races have
acquired the ballot, but they are very few, and the sentiment is adverse
to their becoming citizens.
"The natives are all citizens, and would have the right of franchise.
Under the regulations now governing the franchise, about 4,000 votes
were cast in the election of 1894, and about 3,000 at the more recent
election."
President Dole made a glowing picture of the benefits that this country
would receive from annexation. It would greatly encourage commerce
between the United States and Hawaii by making the trade absolutely
free, and it would open up to Americans a great many industries, the
chief among them being coffee-growing.
It would also vastly improve the condition of the islands themselves.
In case annexation is rejected by our Government, President Dole says
the Hawaiian Government will continue much as it is at present.
Whatever happens, there is slight prospect that Liliuokalani will be
restored to her throne.
* * * * *
At last accounts, Havana was in a state of peace. But it was feared that
this peace would not last, and an outbreak against the Americans was
expected.
Only the other day Representative Amos Cummings, of New York, made a
fierce speech attacking the Spanish authorities and urging our
Government to go to war with Spain and help to free Cuba. He compared
the condition of Cuba to-day with the condition of the American colonies
at the time of the Revolution.
Then, too, a great meeting was recently held in Boston to uphold Cuba's
cause, and the feeling in favor of the Cubans has been strongly shown
throughout the United States.
But the Cuban insurgents are suspicious of Americans, because our
Government has done nothing to help them.
If the Government did do anything to assist the Cuban cause, we should
probably have a war on our hands in a very short time.
In preparation for further trouble in Havana, General Blanco is said to
have gathered a large body of troops in order to crush it at once.
General Blanco, however, decided not to remain in Havana, but to go
east and take charge of the campaign against the insurgents.
On the other hand, it is reported that many of the troops left Havana a
few days after the riots, and that the only signs of the disturbance
were the squads of soldiers left to guard two of the newspaper offices
that had been attacked.
Some of these troops, it is reported, have been sent to Santiago de
Cuba, where the insurgents have been very active of late.
It was rumored recently that the seat of the Cuban Government, near
Cubitas, had fallen into the hands of the Spanish.
This rumor, however, is believed to be false. Still, the Spaniards have
probably been doing some good fighting in this neighborhood.
The Cuban President and his Cabinet are not likely to be molested, as
they are concealed in remote and inaccessible mountain-passes.
A good deal of newspaper talk has been created by the acceptance of
General Blanco's Government by Gen. Juan Massó, cousin of President
Bartolomé Massó, and his brigade, and by the surrender of five private
soldiers belonging to the command of Gen. Maximo Gomez, the insurgent
commander-in-chief.
These soldiers declare that General Gomez ordered Captain Nestor Alvarez
to be shot for attempting to persuade insurgent soldiers to accept
autonomy. They have asked permission to form a guerilla force to avenge
the captain's death.
In various parts of the island the Cubans have been doing a great deal
of damage to property, but it is impossible to know accurately just
what they are gaining by their devastations. The news sent from the
Cuban and the Spanish camps does not agree by any means.
Both sides declare that they are making progress.
There is no doubt, however, that though the Cubans had lost hope of
receiving help from the United States this winter, they have not lost
courage.
At present they are busily engaged in transporting supplies into the
centre of the island, and they propose to continue the campaign through
the wet season.
The Spaniards maintain that the insurgents are at the end of their
resources, that very misleading reports of the war are sent to this
country, and that the Cuban Junta in New York gives information that
cannot be relied upon to the papers.
The Spanish minister has gone so far as to defy Tomas Estrada Palma, who
is at the head of the Junta, to mention five Cuban generals who are now
in good standing.
He evidently hopes in this way to discredit the information sent out by
the Junta.
On the other hand, the Junta discredits the reports sent out by the
Spaniards. In the case of Gen. Juan Massó, for example, it says that
several months before his surrender Massó had been degraded from the
command, and that his so-called "brigade" consisted only of a few
personal followers; so his acceptance of autonomy did not by any means
indicate that the insurgents were giving up the cause of Free Cuba.
* * * * *
The excitement in France over the case of Captain Dreyfus, instead of
subsiding, has grown even more serious.
For several days the students have paraded the streets in small groups,
uttering cries against Zola and the Jews, and have been dispersed by the
police.
It is said also that cries of "Long live the Emperor" have been heard.
This suggests that the excitement may affect the Government, after all,
in spite of its apparent security in recent years.
In Paris this seems to be a very easy thing to do. More than once the
Government has been overturned by the mob.
In spite of their bitter experiences, the French people of to-day are
very like the French people of a little more than a hundred years ago.
But the French people of a hundred years ago were very badly governed
and had terrible grievances.
At present, the French are well governed by rulers of their own
choosing.
It is very likely that those who cried out for the Emperor were either
jokers, or people eager to add to the excitement, or else paid agents of
the Imperial party, which still hopes to restore the descendants of the
first Napoleon to the throne of France.
So far, the mob has accomplished nothing, and the Government has stood
firm.
In the Chamber of Deputies, however, the discussion of the Dreyfus case
has led to very serious complications.
One of the members, ex-Minister Cavaignac, declared that a report
existed, written by Captain Lebrun-Renaud, of the French army, which
gave an account of a confession of guilt made by Captain Dreyfus.
Monsieur Cavaignac blamed the Government for keeping silent about this
confession, on the ground that by its silence it had practically led to
a reopening of the case. If the Government would declare, he said, that
the publication of the confession would involve some foreign Power, this
would end further discussion of the matter. Otherwise, the whole case
ought to be made public.
Premier Meline replied that such a confession existed, but the
Government had decided not to publish it, as it would change the
character of a case that had already been settled by competent judges.
There was, besides, he acknowledged, another cause for keeping silence,
the very cause that had made the trial secret. This was not "excessively
great," but it was customary to conduct all such trials in secrecy, and
the custom was not to be violated in this instance.
The Premier then criticised the newspapers that had taken sides with
Dreyfus, and added that the Government had done right in calling Zola to
account for insulting the army.
The President of the Chamber, Monsieur Brisson, then leaped to his feet
and implored the legislators not to make a sensation while the streets
outside were in a turmoil.
Premier Meline replied that the Government would quell the turmoil in
the streets, and that those men should be blamed for the scandal who had
started it. Then he condemned the socialistic newspapers for their
attacks on the Government.
The socialistic newspapers are those papers that advocate the doctrine
of Socialism, which may be said to have grown out of the French
Revolution.
Socialism is founded on the theory that all rights and privileges and
benefits should be shared equally by all the members of the community,
and that the wealth of the world should be in the hands of the
Government, which should have the power of distributing it. The
citizens, instead of competing with one another, as they do now, should
work together for the general good and be paid alike.
Many people believe that though this doctrine sounds very
Christian-like, it would not work. The industrious would get no more for
their labor than the idle. So the idle would become more idle, and the
industrious would lose all incentive to do their best.
At any rate, Socialism has made great progress in France, and it is
greatly feared there by its enemies. Its friends, on the contrary, think
that it is going to make the world very much better than it is at
present.
The friends of Socialism in the Chamber of Deputies became greatly
excited by Premier Meline's censure of their papers. The excitement
reached a climax when one member accused another of being a scoundrel
and a coward, and several fights took place. Even the people in the
galleries fought among themselves, and hurled abuse down at the members.
The scene was not unlike one of those disgraceful scenes that took place
in the Reichsrath of Austria a few weeks ago.
The reporters were then asked to leave, and the rest of the session was
conducted in secret. On entering the corridors the reporters found them
crowded with soldiers who had been called out at the beginning of the
trouble in case they should be needed.
Fortunately, their interference was not required.
Think of what the excitement is likely to be when Zola is brought to
trial!
* * * * *
[Illustration: A VEILED EGYPTIAN BEAUTY.]
There has been so much secrecy about the Egyptian troubles that it is
not easy to explain England's present activity on the Nile.
The last report says that Colonel Parsons, on his way to take Kassaba
from the Italians, met King Menelik. The King was very angry because the
town had been surrendered to the Egyptians. He claimed that Kassaba
belonged to his territory, and he was then engaged in organizing an army
to fight for what he considered his right.
The situation in Egypt is further complicated by the report that General
Kitchener's Soudanese troops, in whose fighting qualities he has had
great confidence, have shown signs of dissatisfaction.
If they were to rebel against England's authority at this time, the
consequence might be very serious.
* * * * *
Just now England is under such terrible expense that it is thought that
her present exchequer is in danger of exhaustion.
She is sending forces to the Nile to settle the Egyptian troubles there,
and she has the uprisings on the Indian frontier, which are likely to
cause her considerable expense.
Then, too, there is that vast loan which she has offered to China and
which is creating a sensation among the European Powers.
* * * * *
England has taken a firm position with regard to the occupation of
Kiao-Chou by Germany and the seizure of Port Arthur by the Russians.
She has openly sent two war-ships to each of these ports.
This does not mean that she wishes to provoke war. It is intended
probably as a hint to Germany and Russia that if they go too far she is
ready to fight.
Germany, however, has repeated that Kiao-Chou is to be a free port, and
this statement is being echoed with satisfaction by the English press.
Nevertheless, the English papers show an astonishingly warlike spirit,
and the English people are said to be delighted by the pluck and force
which Lord Salisbury has shown in this crisis.
During the past few years Lord Salisbury has been accused of a
willingness to make almost any concession to avoid dragging England into
a war.
* * * * *
A writer in the New York _Sun_ has lately published a very able and
interesting article on the relation of the United States to the present
crisis in the East.
In this country we have been so absorbed in watching the rivalry between
the European Powers over China that we have given very little thought to
its effect on ourselves.
The writer in _The Sun_ shows that it may affect us very seriously.
He does not believe that there is any immediate danger of a war as a
result of the seizure of Kiao-Chou, and he adds that the present
excitement may be "for the purpose of finding out just what the
pretensions of the various Powers are with regard to China."
"The attitude of Great Britain," he writes, "is one requiring close
examination, because of the magnitude and far-reaching character of her
demands on China. Briefly stated, they are:
"First, that China shall accept a loan guaranteed by Great Britain;
secondly, that as security the customs administration shall be placed
under her agents, with a contingent control of the _likin_ or internal
customs; thirdly, the right to push the Burmese railways at once into
Yunnan and Sechuen; and, fourthly, that no cessions of territory shall
be made to any other power south of the Yang-tse-kiang."
The immense importance of these demands the writer very clearly
explains.
[Illustration: WESTERN GATE, PEKIN, CHINA.]
If England were to grant China the enormous loan that she needs to pay
the war indemnity to Japan, she would secure "a controlling voice in
all future financial transactions which the Chinese Government might
wish or be forced to undertake."
If China agreed to the second proposition, England could manage the
customs in such a way as to "attract the vast bulk of the internal trade
of China to herself."
He writes further:
"The third and fourth demands hang together, but have to be treated
separately. The concession to Great Britain of the unrestricted right to
construct railways from Burmah into the southwestern provinces of China
would have the effect of turning them into commercial tributaries of
Great Britain.
"A railway connecting Rangoon in Burmah by way of Bhamo with Ichang at
the head of navigation on the Yang-tse-kiang would act as a suction pipe
to draw away to the port of Rangoon the trade of the most prosperous and
flourishing parts of China, and give products taking that route the
advantage of many days in point of time and of distance in the race for
the European markets. By just so much trade as might take the British
route through Burmah, would the potential trade of other Powers, with no
other but all sea routes from the coast at their command, be diminished.
"The advantage British manufactures would have for entry and
distribution into the vast and populous regions which the British
Government proposes to penetrate by means of railways constructed by
British capital, and affording employment to British labor and shipping,
are too obvious to need enlarging upon.
"A glance at the map will show that the better half of China proper,
territorially and commercially, would, by the concession of the third
and fourth of England's demands, be placed under her practical control."
The writer believes that the fourth demand is aimed at stopping the
advance of the French in China beyond Tonquin.
Now comes the point of his article most interesting to us as Americans.
How are our interests in China to be affected by the European
encroachments there?
They would be greatly injured, the writer points out, if any European
Power were to secure such control in China that our Chinese trade would
be restricted.
Consequently, our interests are on the side of China and of Japan, for
the Japanese must now be looking with astonishment and alarm at the
possible partition by European Powers of the nation which she herself
conquered only a short time ago.
"It cannot possibly be for the advantage of this country to aid in
establishing the financial and commercial, with the eventual political,
predominance of any one country in China."
And further:
"The protestations in the British press and by prominent members of the
British Government, that England does not ask for herself any privileges
that she is not willing to see extended to all other nations, is fine
political rhetoric, but one has only to point to India, and ask how much
Great Britain's control and administration of that country, with its
vast population, have contributed to the general commerce and wealth of
the world."
* * * * *
In the Reichstag the other day, Baron von Buelow made an important
announcement regarding the killing of the German missionaries in China
that led to the German occupancy of Kiao-Chou.
The negotiations between Germany and China over the affair, he said,
were now practically concluded, and with very satisfactory results.
The Governor of Shan-Tung had been removed and would be forever barred
from holding another public office.
Six officials, accused by Germany of taking part in the murders, had
also been degraded and punished, and the actual perpetrators of the
crimes would be treated as they deserved.
China had promised to pay heavy damages for the injury done to the
mission, and would, moreover, provide for the erection of three
churches, each marked with a tablet to indicate that they were under the
protection of the Emperor.
China would also furnish the money necessary for the erection of seven
residences for the Catholic prefecture of Tsao-Chou-Fu.
The Chinese Government finally agreed to issue a special Imperial edict
to insure the future protection of the German missions.
* * * * *
Major Williams, who was sent to London by the Treasury Department to
inquire into the means for enforcing the new sealskin exclusion act, has
acknowledged that his inquiries have discouraged him. He believes it
will be impossible for the Government to enforce the law in its present
form. Comparatively few of the sealskins can be identified after they
have passed through the hands of the wholesale and the retail dealers.
So it looks as if the Government would have to find some other way to
protect the seals from threatened extinction.
* * * * *
The observations of the eclipse of the sun on the 22d of January, taken
at Talni, India, are said to have been completely successful.
The astronomers who had gone to Talni from Great Britain to represent
the British Astronomical Association, and from the Lick Observatory at
San Francisco, succeeded in taking some excellent photographs.
While the eclipse was complete, the light is said to have equalled that
of the full moon.
Wherever observations were made, the results are reported to have been
satisfactory.
During the eclipse, Venus, Mars, and Mercury were clearly seen.
* * * * *
The report that Mr. Gladstone is in very feeble health has been
confirmed.
It looks now as if one of the greatest careers in the whole history of
England would soon be ended.
Mr. Gladstone, however, has always had such remarkable vitality that his
admirers all over the world hope that he will be spared a few years
longer.
Still, there can be no doubt that his work is over. And what wonderful
work it has been!
As Mr. Gladstone was born in Liverpool on the 29th of December, 1809, he
is now in his eighty-ninth year.
Since 1894, when his failing eyesight forced him to leave public life,
he has lived very quietly at his home in Hawarden.
But he has continued to take an active interest in public affairs, and
he has devoted himself to the studies in which he has had a life-long
interest. On several occasions, too, he has spoken out on subjects of
grave importance, showing his old-time vigor and courage.
His death would be a loss not only to England, but to the world at
large.
He has always taken a deep interest in the American Government and in
the American people.
In this country, "the Grand Old Man," as Mr. Gladstone has long been
called, is regarded with great admiration and affection.
An account of Mr. Gladstone's career will be published in a later number
of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.
It will show why he is so highly honored as a statesman, a writer, and
as a friend of his fellow-men.
* * * * *
Many readers of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD doubtless remarked the great
strike that took place in Chicago more than three years ago, and the
share in it of Debs, the political agitator, which led to his
imprisonment.
Within the past few months Debs has been busily engaged in making plans
to found a colony for unemployed men and women, where they will be
given opportunities of earning a living.
He has lately purchased 30,000 acres of land in Tennessee for this
purpose.
It will be interesting to watch the outcome of this experiment.
As a rule, experiments of this kind are not successful.
It is to be hoped that this new undertaking will prove to be an
exception.
Our workingmen certainly need help. All over the world they are
complaining, and many people believe that, unless their condition is
improved, they will resort to violence against the rich.
So all efforts in their behalf are particularly interesting at this
time.
* * * * *
It is announced that the Emperor of Germany, who is fond of roving about
the world, will start on his much-discussed trip to the Holy Land about
the middle of next April.
He is to start from Hamburg on his yacht with his two eldest sons, and
he will return in six weeks.
It is reported that he will then pay a visit to the Sultan at
Constantinople.
Europe watches every move of the Emperor's with the greatest interest
and with curiosity as to whether it has a political significance.
Progress
Invention and Discovery
[Illustration: Spring-post for Bicycles
SEE THIS GROOVE AND GIB
DICKINSON-BROS. ENGRAVERS.]
A NEW SPRING-POST FOR BICYCLES.--This post does not seem to have the
objectionable features that other spring-posts have. It is small, neat,
compact, and at the same time does its work admirably, as we have reason
to know, having had it tested. The illustration shows quite clearly how
it is constructed. To the ordinary observer, when it is attached to a
bicycle it appears to be an common seat-post; the spring, however,
prevents the constant vibration which is so trying to the rider and so
hard on the machine, especially in riding over cobblestones.
Riding a machine with this spring-post, as compared with one without it,
is very much like riding in a spring carriage as compared with the
ordinary springless cart.
* * * * *
[Illustration: Buoy with light]
A clever invention, which originated in France, is a life-saving buoy
that has been used on the River Seine in Paris. Persons falling into the
water at night often lose their lives because it is impossible to
ascertain their whereabouts; or, if a life-saving apparatus of any kind
is thrown to them in the darkness, they frequently drown before they can
find it. This small apparatus consists of a combination of a buoy with
an electric light; when the buoy is thrown into the water the light is
lighted automatically. In connection with this invention the life-savers
in Paris use a grappling-hook which we illustrate. This has an electric
light near the end in the oval space; this light makes it possible to
grapple for persons who may have gone down beneath the water.
[Illustration: Grappling Hook]
* * * * *
[Illustration: Acetylene lamp]
We have also received from France the account of an invention in the
shape of a bicycle lamp in which acetylene is burned. The great
difficulty with the use of acetylene has heretofore been that the gas
will not burn unless under high pressure, and the receptacles in which
the gas is generated could not be so made as to insure them against
exploding. Acetylene gas, as generally used, is generated by bringing
water in contact with the calcium carbide. The gas forms so rapidly that
it is extremely difficult to control it, therefore the attention of
inventors has been directed to this question. This lamp seems to be a
very clever arrangement for producing the gas in the right quantity
without danger of explosion.
It is described very clearly by the illustration herewith. The upper
part, "E," is a small reservoir in which water is put; this water is
released in small quantities through the tube at the right, and, flowing
into the lower part of the lamp, comes in contact with the calcium
carbide, which is in the receptacle "P"; the gas thus generated is held
in the reservoir "G," and when sufficient pressure has been created is
forced out through the burner "B."
The lamp is small and compact; it is but four inches high, and yields a
beautiful bright light which will not blow out. When it is desired to
put the light out, the button "R" is pressed down, thus shutting off the
supply of water; this stops the generation of the gas, and the lamp soon
goes out.
* * * * *
"C. H.," Germantown, Pa., asks if the bicycles used in the Klondike have
rubber tires. We have seen no authentic account of the use of bicycles
there. It is extremely improbable that any kind of a bicycle can be used
to advantage in the Arctic regions, although a bicycle may be ridden
with care safely on smooth snow or ice.
SELECTED LIST OF NEW BOOKS
* * * * *
=THERE OFTEN= come into our hands great bargains in DICTIONARIES,
ENCYCLOPÆDIAS, &c., &c., and we are glad to give our readers the benefit
of these bargains.
WE NOW HAVE ON HAND
=One set of THE AMERICAN ENCYCLOPÆDIC DICTIONARY, 4
volumes, full sheep, in all 4731 pages,
illustrated, 1896 edition--published at $20.00, AS
NEW, $10.00=
=One set. The same. Cloth, AS NEW. Published at $16.00 8.00=
We should be glad to quote on any dictionary or encyclopædia--in fact
any book.
Address
=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD PUBLISHING CO.=
=5 WEST 18TH STREET, NEW YORK CITY=
* * * * *
=Dr. EDWARD JOYNES,= Professor of South Carolina College, Columbia, S.
C., says of =Thieme's Preusser's German and English Dictionary=:
". . . a book so beautiful, so valuable, and so _monumental_--whose new
appearance forms justly a 'Jubilee' event, in memory of its present
editor and publishers. In external beauty, in paper, type, presswork,
and binding, and all that belongs to solid and elegant book-making, the
volume is a fine specimen of German skill, good taste, and thoroughness.
And as a contribution to our lexicography, and its completeness and
convenience, it _takes rank with the foremost and best_. Such a book is
at once a boon to scholars and a new bond of union between great and
kindred nations. It will give me great pleasure to recommend its use to
teachers and pupils wherever I have opportunity."
=Price, elegantly bound in Half Russia, $5.00; sent prepaid upon receipt
of amount by=
=William Beverley Harison (Foreign Department), 3 and 5 West 18th
Street, New York.=
* * * * *
=The . . . School Record=
is a wide-awake Monthly Journal for teacher and pupil. 36 big pages.
High-class, practical, and helpful. Every department up to date. The
universal testimony from subscribers is "Best paper I ever saw"; "Am
delighted with it," etc. 50 cents a year. We want agents in every part
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Send for sample copy and premium list if you are a prospective
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* * * * *
=Address The School Record . . .
_ALBION. MICHIGAN_=
=Educational Games=
=PUT UP IN BRIGHT-COLORED, ENAMELED AND HIGHLY-FINISHED, ATTRACTIVE
BOXES . . .=
=No.=
=1100. STRANGE PEOPLE=
Depicting the dress, manners, and customs of the nations of the world;
introducing many of the Oriental characters made famous by the Chicago
Columbian Exposition and the Midway.
=1101. ELECTION=
A most exciting and entertaining United States political game. Easily
comprehended by a child, yet allowing scope for unlimited skill.
Contains much political information.
=1102. WILD ANIMALS=
The inhabitants of the forest and jungle are always favorites with the
children, and they will recognize many of their acquaintances of the Zoo
and the Menagerie in the 53 animals shown in this interesting game.
=1103. OAK LEAVES=
An instructive student's game, showing many varieties of Oaks in their
natural colors; beautiful enameled cards.
=1104. THE PINES=
An interesting study of nature, illustrating a variety of Pines, in
colors; enameled and highly finished surface.
=1105. MAPLE GROVE=
A new game for young and old, introducing all kinds of Maple leaves,
printed in colors; enameled surface.
=1106. CHESTNUT BURRS=
In this game are grouped various illustrations of the fruits of forest
trees--walnut, hickory, chestnut, etc. Enameled and highly finished.
=1108. WHITE SQUADRON=
This game embraces a series of beautiful half-tones of representative
vessels of the United States Navy, together with description of each.
=1109. OUR UNION=
Colored maps of all the States and Territories of the United States; an
interesting geographical game, giving population, dates or admission to
the Union, principal cities, etc.
=1110. POPULATION=
A very instructive game, showing maps and population of all the
principal countries of the world; 48 accurate and reliable maps. So
simple and amusing that it is a favorite with old and young.
=1111. FLAGS=
Showing the national flags of all the principal countries of the world;
the flags are reproduced in many colors; a most instructive and useful
game.
=1112. FRACTION-PLAY=
Indispensable to the student of fractions; amusing and instructive to
all; 52 cards, showing fractions which are made up into various
combinations by addition and subtraction, forming a very interesting
home game.
=1113. IN CASTLE-LAND=
One of the most beautiful games ever issued; handsome half-tone
illustrations of the old world's most famous castles. Picturesque,
entertaining, and instructive. Enameled and highly finished.
=1114. INDIVIDUAL AND PROGRESSIVE NILOE=
An entirely new and amusing game for individual and progressive play.
Can be played at first sight. Equally adaptive for young and old; each
game contains cards for four tables or sixteen players.
=1115. IN THE WHITE-HOUSE=
A new historical game. Half-tone portraits of all the Presidents of the
United States, with principal events of each administration.
=1116. NATIONALITIES=
The people of the various nations of the world in colors. Bright and
attractive. Interesting rules for play.
=1117. ARTISTS=
The world's most popular and famous paintings. Beautiful chromo-gravure
reproductions. A fine game.
=1118. IN DIXIE-LAND=
Life-like sketches from the Sunny South. Chromo-gravure illustrations of
a happy people.
=1119. FIRESIDE AUTHORS=
Portraits of 52 of the world's most famous writers. Entirely new rules
for playing this famous game.
=1130. YOUNG FOLKS' FAVORITE AUTHORS=
Portraits of writers dear to our young people. Such favorites as Pansy,
Louisa M. Alcott, Oliver Optic, Eugene Field, etc. The game is played by
the conventional Authors rules.
=1121. THE MAYFLOWER=
Depicting Puritan life and times. The Departure, and landing of the
Mayflower in Plymouth harbor. The Plymouth of 1621 and to-day.
Interesting rules for play.
=RULES WITH EACH GAME=
=Nos. 1114, 1117, and 1118 35c. per box=
=All other games listed herein 25c. per box=
If to be sent by mail, add five cents for postage on each game.
FOR SALE BY
=EDUCATIONAL GAZETTE CO.= =36 East Avenue=
=Rochester, N. Y.=
List of Selected Books for School and Home
=In The Story Land=
By HARRIETT LINCOLN COOLIDGE. 1 volume, cloth, red, or blue, and silver.
Price, 75 cents. 3 parts. Boards, 25 cents each.
A series of jolly, bright, interesting stories. A
fascinating book for young boys and girls.
=Old Mother Earth.--Her Highways and Byways=
By JOSEPHINE SIMPSON. Price, 36 cents.
This book tells all about the world's wonders, in
simple attractive language.
=Great Round World Natural History Stories=
By JULIA TRUITT BISHOP. 2 vols. (boards), price, 50 cents each; 11 parts
(paper), 10 cents each.
A series of true stories and anecdotes of animals.
Containing "Juan," "Clem," and Mrs. Bishop's other
bright stories, gathered together now for the
first time.
=The Story of Washington=
By JESSIE R. SMITH. Price, 20 cents.
With illustrations by children.
=Four True Stories of Life and Adventure=
By JESSIE R. SMITH. Price, 36 cents.
These two books are the famous _Santa Rosa
Reproduction Stories_. They are all stories retold
by children, and for this reason most attractive
to them.
=Classic Myths=
By MARY CATHARINE JUDD. Price, 50 cents.
The fascinating old fairy stories rewritten for
young children.
=Skyward and Back=
By same author. Price, 30 cents.
Old favorite stories rewritten for the little
ones.
=Evolution of Empire Series=
By MARY PLATT PARMELE. 4 vols. Price per vol., 60 cents.
Histories of the United States, England, France,
and Germany in attractive, interesting, and
fascinating style.
=Simple Lessons in the Study of Nature=
By ISABELLA G. OAKLEY. Price, 50 cents.
A delightful introduction to Nature Study, for
school or home use.
=Child's Handbook for Collecting Pictures and Stories of Animals=
Price (reduced), 75 cents.
A most attractive scrap-book for collecting and
classifying pictures and anecdotes of animals.
_Sold by all Booksellers. Sent, postpaid, upon receipt of price, by_
=WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
=3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York=
Justus · Perthes' · Geographical · Institute
Publishers, Gotha (Germany)
* * * * *
Sydow-Habenicht's Wall Maps
1. Maps of the world (Eastern and Western Hemispheres,
Mercator Chart, North and South Pole Charts).
2. Europe.
3. Asia.
4. Australia and Polynesia.
5. Africa.
6. North America.
7. South America.
8. Germany and adjoining countries.
9. Austria-Hungary.
10. The Balkan Peninsula.
11. Italy.
12. The Iberian Peninsula.
13. France.
14. The British Isles.
15. The Scandinavian Peninsula.
16. Russia.
+------PRICES:------+
=Nos. 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 9, 12=--Size, 65 × 80 inches--each in 12 loose
sheets, =$4.50=. Mounted on linen in portfolio, each, =$6.50=. Mounted
on linen with rollers, each, =$8.00=. Mounted on linen with rollers and
varnished, each, =$9.00=.
=Nos. 5, 6, 7, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15=--Size, 56 × 66 inches--each in 9
loose sheets, =$3.50=. Mounted on linen in portfolio, each, =$5.50=.
Mounted on linen with rollers, each, =$7.00=. Mounted on linen with
rollers and varnished, each, =$8.00=.
=The Sydow-Habenicht Wall Maps are universally acknowledged by all
authorities to be THE best in existence.=
* * * * *
Dr. Herm. Berghaus'
Chart of the World
Showing the Sea Currents and Wind Zones, the Variation of the Magnetic
Needle, the Condition of Floating Icebergs, the Telegraphic Cables round
the Earth, the Regular Line of Steamers, Principal Overland Routes, Most
Important Sailing-Vessel Tracks, etc.
=12TH EDITION, 1897=
=Completely Revised by H. Habenicht and B. Domann=
=ENGLISH TEXT=
Size, 40 × 62 inches
=PRICES:= Mounted on linen with polished rods and rings. =$7.50=
Mounted on linen with polished rods and rings, varnished. =8.25=
Mounted on linen, folded in cloth case (8×10). =7.50=
Mounted on linen, folded in leather case (8×10). =9.00=
=FOR SALE BY
WILLIAM BEVERLEY HARISON=
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(EDWARD ACKERMANN, Manager)
=3 & 5 West 18th Street NEW YORK=
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both to our young people and to their elders."
=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
E. A. CARLETON, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_, Helena,
Mont.: "I have been a constant and eager reader of THE GREAT ROUND WORLD
since my accession to this office, the first of this year. I regard it
as unique, and of almost incomparable value, and I should be pleased to
aid in its general use in all the schools of our State. You are
authorized to use this letter and to quote me as strongly in favor of
it."
=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
WILLIAM N. SHEATS, _State Superintendent of Public Instruction_,
Tallahassee, Fla.: "I have received for several months past copies of
THE GREAT ROUND WORLD. I think it is an ideal paper for children."
=THE GREAT ROUND WORLD.=
T. W. HARRIS, _Superintendent of Schools_, Keene, N. H.: "I find it
excellent for the use we have made of it, and would heartily commend it
to all schools as an aid in the study of current events."
* * * * *
=FIVE CENTS A COPY.=
* * * * *
Address
The Great Round World Publ. Co.,
3 and 5 West 18th Street, New York City.
* * * * *
Transcriber's notes:
Obvious punctuation errors repaired.
Advertisement: Four True Life Stories: "epressions" changed to
"expressions". (expressions used by children)
Page 160, "reigons" changed to "regions". (in the Arctic regions)
End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of The Great Round World and What Is
Going On In It, Vol. 2, No. 5, February 3, 1898, by Various
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